A Policy Brief on CMO 15 s. 2019: Strategies for Enhancing Educational Research Productivity in Philippine Higher Education Institutions
Keywords:
CHED Memo 15, EDCOM II, Graduate Education, Higher Education, Internationalization, Philippines, Teacher EducationAbstract
The internationalization in higher education drives the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) to release new Policies, Standards, and Guidelines for Graduate Programs, also known as CMO 15 s. 2019, wherein the "Publish, or No Degree" policy is implicitly stated. Furthermore, graduate education in the Philippines faces quality and research productivity challenges, as highlighted in the Second Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) II report. Thus, this policy brief explores the educational research productivity in the Philippines using the lens of the international perspective and offers recommendations to strengthen the Philippine internationalization in higher education. The recommendations are divided into three parts: before (Rigorous Assessments based on the Institutional Admission Process Criteria), during (Implementing and Monitoring Research Practices; Strengthening Institutional Resources: Infrastructure, Funding, and Networks; and Engaged Pedagogy for Research Collaboration), and after (Evaluation of the Published Research). The Philippine government, through the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), must focus on talent cultivation by providing the necessary support system mechanisms to increase students' research productivity.
References
Abbas, A., Arrona-Palacios, A., Haruna, H., & Alvarez-Sosa, D. (2020). Elements of students' expectation towards teacher-student research collaboration in higher education. 2020 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE44824.2020.9273902
Adeyemo, K. S. (2019). Higher education policy in the Philippines and ASEAN integration: Demands and challenges. Brill Sense.
Adeyemo, K. S. (2023). Rhetoric of the Asia Higher Education Rankings. BRILL. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004543379
Amani, J., Myeya, H., & Mhewa, M. (2022). Understanding the Motives for Pursuing Postgraduate Studies and Causes of Late Completion: Supervisors and Supervisees' Experiences. SAGE Open, 12(3), 215824402211095. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221109586
Buckner, E. (2019). The Internationalization of Higher Education: National Interpretations of a Global Model. Comparative Education Review, 63(3), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.1086/703794
Castulo, N. J., Lansangan, S. M., & Marasigan, A. C. (2024). Strengthening Ethical Standards: How Can Philippine Higher Education Institutions Implement CMO 15 s.2019? Policy Brief Series: Philippine Normal University Educational Policy Research and Development Office., 8(6), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10090.53440
CHED. (2000). CHED Memorandum Order (CMO) No. 1 Series of 2000: Policies and Guidelines in the Implementation of International Linkages and Twinning Programs. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aKDnURfqQ_8FZ2Shos52f5LiJsW8ndw2/view
CHED. (2016). Policy Framework and Strategies on the Internationalization of Philippine Higher Education. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1W9dI2sFIbTIrub2YHPIv86zwz9oV3zCz/view
CHED Memo No. 15. (2019). Policies, Standards, and Guidelines For Graduate Programs. Commission on Higher Education. https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/CMO-No.-15-Series-of-2019-%E2%80%93-Policies-Standards-and-Guidelines-for-Graduate-Programs-Updated.pdf
CMO No. 53. (2007). Policies and Standards for Graduate Programs in Education for Teachers and other Education Professionals [Commission on Higher Education]. https://ched.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/CMO-No.53-s2007.pdf
Contandriopoulos, D., Larouche, C., & Duhoux, A. (2018). Evaluating Academic Research Networks. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 33(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.42159
Corcoran, P. B., & Wals, A. E. J. (2004). The Problematics of Sustainability in Higher Education: A Synthesis. In P. B. Corcoran & A. E. J. Wals (Eds.), Higher Education and the Challenge of Sustainability (pp. 87–88). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48515-X_7
DBM. (2024). Budget [Government]. https://www.dbm.gov.ph/index.php/budget
Demeter, M., Jele, A., & Major, Z. B. (2022). The model of maximum productivity for research universities SciVal author ranks, productivity, university rankings, and their implications. Scientometrics, 127(8), 4335–4361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04432-4
Elsevier B.V. (2024a). Benchmark all metrics [dataset]. https://www.scival.com/benchmarking/analyse
Elsevier B.V. (2024b). Deeper insights to build on your university’s competitive strengths. https://www.elsevier.com/en-gb/academic-and-government/scopus-scival-university-rankings
Elsevier B.V. (2024c, January 29). Understanding Scopus & SciVal & the QS World University Rankings. https://www.elsevier.com/academic-and-government/qs-university-rankings-data
Guido, R. M. D., & Orleans, A. V. O. (2020). Philippine Research Productivity in Education Research: A Comparative Performance in Southeast Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Volume 8, No. 4.
Henningsson, M., & Geschwind, L. (2019). Senior Industry Practitioners as Part-Time Visiting Professors: The Various Benefits of Collaboration. Higher Education Policy, 32(1), 109–128. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41307-017-0072-6
hooks, bell. (1994). Teaching to transgress: Education as the practice of freedom. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Khalid, J., Ali, A. J., Nordin, N. M., & Shah, S. F. H. (2019). Regional Cooperation in Higher Education: Can It Lead ASEAN toward Harmonization? (1). Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University. https://doi.org/10.20495/seas.8.1_81
Khoo, T. (2023). Creating spaces to develop research culture. International Journal for Academic Development, 28(2), 217–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2021.1987913
Lee, I. (2014). Publish or perish: The myth and reality of academic publishing. Language Teaching, 47(2), 250–261. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261444811000504
Liu, L., Xue, H., & Li, J. (2020). Reflections on the Use of SSCI Papers in Evaluating Social Sciences Research in Chinese Universities. ECNU Review of Education, 3(3), 570–575. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531120943210
Liverpool, L. (2023). AI intensifies fight against ‘paper mills’ that churn out fake research. Nature, 618(7964), 222–223. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-01780-w
Macatangay, L. (2023). The Status, Challenges & Opportunities of Education Service Industry in the Philippines. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4426082
Macleod, G., Barnes, T., & Huttly, S. R. A. (2019). Teaching at Master's level: Between a rock and a hard place. Teaching in Higher Education, 24(4), 493–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2018.1491025
McGrail, M. R., Rickard, C. M., & Jones, R. (2006). Publish or perish: A systematic review of interventions to increase academic publication rates. Higher Education Research & Development, 25(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360500453053
Mertkan, S., Onurkan Aliusta, G., & Bayrakli, H. (2022). Pressured to publish: Stories of inexperienced researchers. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 35(3), 603–615. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-08-2021-0239
Mirhosseini, S.-A., Afifezadeh, M., & Tajik, L. (2023). Admission into graduate programmes of English language education: A critical comparative exploration. Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2023.2280859
Ocampo, L., Aro, J. L., Evangelista, S. S., Maturan, F., Yamagishi, K., Mamhot, D., Mamhot, D. F., Calibo-Senit, D. I., Tibay, E., Pepito, J., & Quiñones, R. (2022). Research Productivity for Augmenting the Innovation Potential of Higher Education Institutions: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach and MICMAC Analysis. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030148
PNU Website. (n.d.). Procedure and Requirements Admission. https://www.pnu.edu.ph/admissions/admission-requirements-and procedure/
Quimbo, M. A. T., & Sulabo, E. C. (2014). Research productivity and its policy implications in higher education institutions. Studies in Higher Education, 39(10), 1955–1971. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.818639
Quinto, J. B. (2022). CMO No. 15, S. 2019: Graduate Students, Are You Ready for This? Journal of International Education, Vol. 4,. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/z4qvn
Republic Act 11448. (2019). An Act Expanding Access to Educational Services Through the Establishment and Administration of Transnational Higher Education [Government]. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/2019/08aug/20190828-RA-11448-RRD.pdf
Retraction Database. (2024). The Retraction Watch Database. http://retractiondatabase.org/RetractionSearch.aspx
San Juan, D. M. (2023). Why Filipinos Should Write Researches in Filipino? A Critique of Scopus-Centrism in Philippine Universities and Educational and/or Research Agencies (Bakit Dapat Manaliksik sa Filipino Ang Mga Pilipino?: Kritik sa Scopus-sentrismo ng Mga Unibersidad at Ahensiyang PangEdukasyon at/o Pampananaliksik sa Pilipinas). Malay, 34(1). https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/research/journals/malay/tomo-34/1/4-san-juan.pdf
Sayyed, K. (2024). Assessing Research Productivity and Quality Across Disciplines in the School of Arts and Sciences at the Lebanese American University. Sage Open, 14(1), 21582440241237050. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241237050
Second Congressional Commission on Education. (2024). Miseducation: The failed system of Philippine education, EDCOM II year one report. Second Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM II).
Shamsi, A. F., & Osam, U. V. (2022). Challenges and Support in Article Publication: Perspectives of Non-Native English Speaking Doctoral Students in a “Publish or No Degree” Context. SAGE Open, 12(2), 215824402210950. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221095021
Stanko, T., Chernyshkova, E., Zhirosh, O., Melnichenko, A., Antokhina, Y., Laskina, I., Khodyreva, M., Chernogortseva, S., Lopatin, A., Sluzova, N., Ryabchenko, S., & Lavrova, S. (2022). The Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Regional Universities Research Culture and the Quality of the Engineering Education. In M. E. Auer, H. Hortsch, O. Michler, & T. Köhler (Eds.), Mobility for Smart Cities and Regional Development—Challenges for Higher Education (Vol. 390, pp. 154–166). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93907-6_17
Sukoco, B. M., Putra, R. A., Muqaffi, H. N., Lutfian, M. V., & Wicaksono, H. (2023). Comparative Study of ASEAN Research Productivity. SAGE Open, 13(1), 215824402211451. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221145157
Tennant, J. (2020). Web of Science and Scopus are not global databases of knowledge. European Science Editing, 46, e51987. https://doi.org/10.3897/ese.2020.e51987
Tudy, R. (2023). The Journey of a Non-Native English Speaker towards Scopus Publication: An Autoethnography. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.32871/rmrj2311.02.09
UBD. (2024). SDGs in our research [SDGs in our research]. https://research.ubd.edu.bn/?page_id=5641
Ulla, M. B., Tarrayo, V. N., Perales, W. F., & Vecaldo, R. T. (2021). Doctoral academics’ roles in Philippine higher education institutions: Insights from a qualitative study. Issues in Educational Research, 31(3), 972–989.
UN. (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. United Nations. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E
Vaidyanathan, G. (2019). No paper, no PhD? India rethinks graduate student policy. Nature, d41586-019-01692–01698. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-01692-8
Van Noorden, R. (2023). More than 10,000 research papers were retracted in 2023—A new record. Nature, 624(7992), 479–481. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-03974-8
Vorkapic, S. T. (2016). Promotion of internationalization of teacher education: A case study from Croatia. In D. M. Velliaris & D. Coleman George (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Study Abroad Programs and Outbound Mobility: IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0169-5
Wa-Mbaleka. (2015). Factors Leading to Limited Faculty Publications in Philippine Higher Education Institutions. International Forum Journal, 18(2), 121–141.
Zhao, K., Liang, H., & Li, J. (2024). Understanding the growing contributions of China to leading international higher education journals. Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-024-01189-y
Zhu, Y., Ma, J., Yang, X., Wang, Y., Li, H., & Wang, D. (2022). Research on the quality of graduate students in provincial universities based on entropy weight TOPSIS and RSR―take Changchun University as an example. 2022 18th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS), 190–194. https://doi.org/10.1109/CIS58238.2022.00047
